2008

Historical Archaeology perfect for Amateur Researchers

The Division of Historical Resources in New Hampshire is offering a wonderful opportunity for citizen scientists to learn new skills, have some summer fun “hunting in the woods,” and to provide important discoveries on regional historical landmarks and resources.

There is no digging required, just a little bug repellent (and apparently a small fee of $25 to help cover the basic costs)… and short training courses, or “field schools,” are available to prepare the inexperienced. In particular, the State Conservation and Rescue Archaeology Program (or SCRAP) is looking for locations of old building foundations–called cellar holes–from communities that once existed in the 19th and early 20th centuries.

“Amateur archaeologists, can you dig it, carefully?” :: by Dave Brooks :: The Nashua Telegraph :: July 16, 2008 :: [ READ ]

Learn more about historical archaeology from The Society for Historical Archaeology, including their Current Project List.

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Neuron News Likes Music, too

This posting is certainly a diversion from our typical reviews, but this author is always listing to music (mostly jazz) in the background while reading and writing about neurotechnology. So, in a small way, music is a critical element to Neuron News… and music most definitely has interesting and intimate interactions with ones’ brain activity (read more).

A British recording label call Neuroscience Recordings is a young label producing electronica / trance music. Although jazz is our favorite background, sometimes when it’s extraordinarily late and we’re trying to push on with work, a strong trance-like beat is a perfect combination for a late night quite office and hyper-productivity.

So, pull out your favorite neuroscience textbook or Neuron News blog posting, pump through some new tracks from Neuroscience Recordings and let your brain groove all night.

This little musical discovery is also thanks to Vaughan from MindHacks.

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The Virtual Observatory Inside WorldWide Telescope

Microsoft Research recently released the WorldWide Telescope (WWT) software, which provides seamless access to astronomical data via an advanced interactive interface.

The name “WorldWide Telescope” comes from the description by Alex Szalay and Jim Gray in 2002 of a new genre of astronomical research that would recognize and utilize the vast resources that were becoming available on the World Wide Web. As that grid of resources becomes a unified reality with the infrastructure provided by the VO efforts, Microsoft Research and the Space-Time Consortium at Harvard are developing WWT to unify these distributed resources on the astronomer’s desktop.

“The VO Inside WorldWide Telescope” :: NVO Newsletter Issue 2: June 2008 :: [ READ ]

(The above introduction was re-published with permission from Sarah Emery Bunn of the US National Virtual Observatory.)

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Googling with Neurons

Google’s algorithms somehow know how to find needles in haystacks. Cyberspace is gigantic and it seems to only take milliseconds to find any little random tidbit of information you might be looking for. In fact, this search finds 378,000 results in 0.20 seconds or less [supercalifragilisticexpialidocious].

Just like the Internet, the brain is a very complicated network. Although the brain is still quite poorly understood, it is very probably that it is significantly more complex than the Internet network of today. Google contains a detailed and efficient map of the Internet, which allows it to quickly zip you along the pathways to your desired destination.

The brain, on the other hand, has a network that might not be so efficient… but it works and works pretty well for our environment. In particular, we store many memories over our lifetime, but we don’t have a font-and-center realization of each and every memory and every point in time. We are able to access certain memories when needed, although we certainly find that having special cues can help bring about certain memories on command.

So, maybe Google could invest in a neuroprosthetic computer chip hat first maps the neural connections in our brain and then takes cues to help us retrieve specific memory information when needed.

The network mapping process is certainly not trivial. Research in this area is vital, and is the key component to furthering the understanding of brain function. But, once the map is known, then Google-type algorithms might be particularly useful for traveling the network’s paths to find information we need … in milliseconds.

Gary Marcus, professor of psychology at New York University, wrote a very interesting review in The New York Times that further explores this idea…

“Total Recall” by Gary Marcus :: The New York Times Idea Lab :: April 13, 2008 :: [ READ ]

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Stumble Upon Citizen Science

Be inspired to experience science when it’s least expected.

This featured article has nothing to do with wonderful and exciting citizen science projects searching for the answers to major research questions; it doesn’t announce the successful achievements of an amateur for a great scientific discovery.

But, it does remind us that simple–yet profound and beautiful–scientific experiences can happen to every one of us at nearly any point in time. We must only be open to the opportunity and ready to take in a few observations of the amazing universe in which we live… and enjoy it. Simply enjoy it. This is the essence of everyday citizen science, and it should be enjoyed by everyone on the planet as often as possible.

Read as the author has a “bad day” and heads to the forest looking for a little relaxation. What she finds is nature at its best and most amazing, and is inspired to tell everyone to come out an join her.

“Time out in nature” :: Leader-Telegram Online :: October 6, 2007 :: [ READ ]

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Neural Network Mapping with Diffusion Imaging

The brain is a network. It is not just a lump of neurons. It’s function and capabilities are entirely based on its structural characteristics as a network.

For neurotechnologies to be ultimately successful, a deep understanding of brain function will be required … in other words, to connect into the brain we must understand the brain. And, this understanding requires a complete realization of the network structure that develops from a lump of neurons.

Recently published in PLoS Biology, is exciting research using a new method of brain imaging called diffusion imaging. This method uses magnetic resonance to monitor the movement of water molecules along the neuronal axons that are interconnected throughout the brain. This level of detail of a network map in a living brain has never been achieved before, and this initial work is just a first draft of low-resolution mapping.

Already in these low-res maps, intricate and even familiar structure is being discovered … network structure that is also seen in other forms of complex networks, including the Internet. The main discovery is of a primary node that is super-connected to many other nodes located in the posterior medial and parietal cerebral cortex; i.e., the back of the head.

This is extremely critical work and very exciting. Remember, it’s all about the network structure. This author is currently reviewing the published article, and will be updating Neuron News will an additional review soon.

“First Detailed Map of the Human Cortex” :: MIT Technology Review :: July 7, 2008 :: [ READ ]

Read the PLoS Synopsis
“From Structure to Function: Mapping the Connection Matrix of the Human Brain”
Gross L
PLoS Biology Vol. 6, No. 7, e164 doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060164

Mapping the Structural Core of Human Cerebral Cortex
Hagmann P, Cammoun L, Gigandet X, Meuli R, Honey CJ, et al.
PLoS Biology Vol. 6, No. 7, e159 doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060159
READ PDF ]

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Last updated June 20, 2022